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1 Introduction / 1.6 Health and Safety | PDF pages 21-24
1.6 Health and Safety
1.6 Health and Safety
1.6.1 Description and Operation
1.6.1.1 Note
A number of operations related to vehicle maintenance and
– When filling refrigerant, do not place the refrigerant
bottles upright, and their valves shall be facing downward.
repair are dangerous, and can affect personal safety or
health. This section specifies partial of the relevant hazardous
– Do not expose refrigerant bottles to frost and snow.
operations, materials and equipment, and corresponding
– Do not drop the refrigerant bottle.
safety regulations to avoid these hazards.
– Under no circumstances should the refrigerant be
discharged directly into the atmosphere.
However, this section does not include all matters related to
health and safety, therefore all operations and procedures as
– Do not mix refrigerants, such as R12
(dichlorodifluoromethane) and R-134a (tetrafluoroethane).
well as the disposing of materials shall be executed on the
basis of ensuring safety and health. Before using any product,
1.6.1.4 Adhesives and Sealants
you should read the instructions for use of products provided
Cautions Regarding the Use of Adhesive/Sealant
by the manufacturer or supplier.
Before using the adhesive/sealant, you must clean the surface
1.6.1.2 Acid and Alkali
of the position to be applied with adhesive/sealant and wipe it
The acid and alkali include corrosive sodium carbonate and
with a special cleaning agent to ensure the bonding effect. Do
sulfuric acid.
not allow room temperature curing sealant to enter the blind
threaded hole, otherwise a hydraulic locking effect will be
They are used for cleaning of batteries and other materials.
generated from the fastener during tightening, causing
They can irritate or erode eyes, skin, sense of smell and
damage to the fastener and other components and making it
throat, or burn human body and damage ordinary protective
impossible to obtain the correct clamping force when the
clothing.
fastener is used for tightening. Under such circumstance, the
sealing effect may be weakened, making it impossible for the
In order to prevent acid or alkali from splashing onto your
fastener to play the role of tightening correctly. Then the
eyes, skin and clothing, you should wear suitable protective
components will be loosened or separated, which will cause
clothing, gloves and goggles. Also, you should not inhale
serious damage to the parts.
relevant sprays.
Health & safety
Washing equipment, such as eye wash bottles, shower
heads, and soap, shall be provided in the vicinity, so that you
The materials used in adhesives/sealants contain harmful
can use them immediately whenever a spill occurs. Warning
substances. Long-term exposure to them can cause acute
marks indicating eye damage shall be placed at a
and chronic poisoning, occupational and skin diseases and
conspicuous location.
other diseases. When applying adhesive/sealant, use a
ventilation device to maintain ventilation in the workplace;
1.6.1.3 A/C Refrigerant
Wear protective gloves, masks, protective clothing, etc. during
If A/C refrigerant gets in your skin, it may cause frostbite.
operation. Wash your hands carefully after work, and keep the
workplace clean, tidy, and sanitary.
The instructions provided by the manufacturer must be
followed. Avoid exposed skin from directly contacting the
– Waste adhesive/sealant or solvent-contaminated waste
shall be removed in a timely manner and shall not be
refrigerant. You must wear appropriate goggles and protective
accumulated for a long time.
gloves when operating.
– Generally, the products shall be stored in a non-smoking
If the refrigerant gets in your skin or eyes, immediately wash
area, and care shall be taken when using them. Use an
the affected area with water. Use suitable rinsing solution to
applicator or container for construction as much as possible.
wash your eyes. Do not rub, and seek medical assistance as
Repair by Adhesives/Sealants
needed.
Generally, in the event of a failure or accident, the vehicle
A/C Refrigerant—Operations to be Avoided
body will be deformed, the steel plate will be cracked, and
Do not store refrigerant in a place exposed to sunlight or heat
welding spots will be falling off. Sometimes, the chassis and
sources.
other assembly components may be damaged locally,
resulting in the falling off and destruction of certain adhesive/
sealant products. In the process of vehicle repair, adhesives
The effects of long-term overexposure to the chemical
with same performance shall be selected according to the
environment may be immediate or chronic, transient or
material and functional requirements of the components. The
permanent, cumulative, superficial, life-threatening, or the
adhesives/sealants that can be used in the process of vehicle
lifespan may be affected.
repair are listed below.
Chemical Materials—Operations to be Executed
Body Repair
– Carefully read and follow the warnings and cautions
specified on the raw material container, as well as any
If adhesives applied on the vehicle body fall off or are cracked
accompanying leaflets, posters, or other instructions for use.
as a result of deformation or cracking of body interior trims
The health and safety information form for the raw material
can be obtained from the manufacturer.
and steel plates, during the repair process, the positions
applied with adhesives shall be made up with new adhesives.
– In case of contact with the chemical material, refer to the
MSDS sheet for proper safety instructions and procedures.
– First you should remove the adhesives on the surface of
the body using a knife, and the remaining adhesives can be
– Strictly follow the working procedure instructions and
wiped with alcohol;
wear protective clothing to avoid direct contact with skin and
eyes.
– Use a special cleaning agent to wipe the area applied
with adhesives so that no impurities such as residual
– During the process of handling chemical materials, you
adhesive is kept on the surface applied with adhesives.
must wash yourself before taking a break, eating, smoking,
or using toilet facilities.
– Then apply repair adhesive on the original position that is
applied with adhesives to ensure the effect of bonding and
– Keep the work area clean and tidy and do not spill
sealing.
chemical materials.
Parts Repair
Chemical Materials—Operations to be Avoided
– Unless specified by the manufacturer, the chemical
If certain interior trim parts and other positions are damaged,
materials shall not be mixed at will; Certain chemicals will
repair shall be carried out through bonding and sealing.
form other toxic or harmful chemicals, or release other toxic
Before applying the sealant, clean the bonding surface so that
and harmful gases when mixed and may lead to other
the bonding effect will not be affected by burrs and cracks.
accidents such as explosions.
1.6.1.5 Asbestos
– Do not spray chemical materials in an enclosed
environment.
Inhaling asbestos dust can cause lung damage and
– Unless specified by the manufacturer, the chemicals
eventually lead to cancer.
materials should not be heated, as certain chemical
materials are highly flammable, and others may release toxic
Wet the asbestos dust waste during disposal, place it in a
and harmful gases.
sealed container and mark clearly on the surface of the
– Do not leave the container of chemical materials open,
container for convenient and safe disposal. If you want to try
because emitted gases from the container may accumulate
cutting or drilling on materials containing asbestos, you should
to such an extent that toxicity, harm or explosion may occur.
Some gases are heavier than air and thus they can
wet the materials and then use only hand tools or low-speed
accumulate in an enclosed space.
power tools.
– Do not put chemical materials in unlabeled containers.
1.6.1.6 Battery Acid
– Do not use chemical materials to clean your hands and
The gas released during charging is explosive. Never use
clothing. Chemicals, especially solvents and fuels, can make
the skin dry, cause allergies, skin inflammation or directly
open fire near the charged battery or the battery that has
absorb toxic and harmful substances through the skin,
recently been charged.
affecting health.
Good ventilation must be maintained.
– Do not use empty containers to store other chemical
materials at will, unless the containers have been cleaned
1.6.1.7 Chemical Materials
under supervision.
Solvents, sealants, adhesives, coatings, resin foams, battery
– Do not sniff or smell chemical materials at will. Short-
term exposure to high concentrations of gas may still cause
acid fluids, coolant, lubricants, greases and other chemical
poisoning or injury.
materials should be used, stored and handled with great care.
1.6.1.8 Dust
They may be toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritating or highly
flammable, and may produce peculiar smell and dust with
Powder, ash and dust may be irritating, harmful or toxic. Do
high level of danger.
not inhale powdered chemical materials and raising dust
resulted from dry friction operations. In the condition of poor
Follow fire safety regulations when storing and handling
ventilation, wear protective equipment such as breathing
flammable materials or solvents, especially near electrical
mask to prevent inhalation of dust.
equipment or welding operations.
Fine dust of flammable substances may lead to hazards such
Before using electrical and welding equipment, confirm that
as explosion. Avoid explosions and fire sources.
there are no hazards of fire.
1.6.1.9 Electric Shock
When welding or using heating equipment, a suitable fire
extinguisher should be prepared around the work area.
Improper use of electrical equipment without conforming to
1.6.1.12 First Aid
the instructions for use or misuse of equipment in good
condition can both cause electric shock.
Legal requirements shall be complied with, and it's better to
Electrical equipment must be maintained within the specified
provide personnel who have received specialized training in
time and tested frequently. Faulty equipment should be
first aid in the workplace.
marked and preferably moved outside the work area.
If something splashes into your eyes, wash with water for at
Wires, cables, plugs, and sockets shall not be worn, twisted,
least 10 minutes.
cut, cracked, or damaged in other ways. The electrical
If your skin is contaminated, wash the contaminated area with
equipment and wires shall not come into contact with water.
soap and water.
Ensure that electrical equipment is protected by appropriate
If you have frostbite, immerse the affected area in ice or cold
fuse.
water.
It is forbidden to misuse electrical equipment, and do not use
Persons who inhale toxic gases should be immediately
equipment with any hazard that may lead to a fault, otherwise
transferred to a place with fresh air. If adverse reactions
personal safety may be affected.
continue to occur, they should be immediately sent to the
Ensure that the cables of mobile electrical equipment will not
hospital for medical assistance.
be pinched and damaged.
If you accidentally swallow certain liquids, inform the physician
Basic first aid training must be performed for specialized
of the information on the container or label. Do not induce
electrical operators.
vomiting unless instructed to do so by the label.
1.6.1.13 Polyurethane Foam
In the event of an electric shock:
– Turn off the power supply before touching the victim.
Cured foam is used as cushion pad material for seats and
– If the power supply cannot be turned off, disconnect the
trims.
power of the victim with dry insulator material.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
– If you have received specialized first aid training, perform
on-site first aid immediately.
Assemblies that have not gone through chemical actions are
irritating and may be harmful to the skin and eyes. Thus, you
– Seek medical assistance.
should wear gloves and goggles during operation.
1.6.1.10 Fiber Isolation
People with chronic respiratory diseases, asthma, bronchial
It refers to isolation of noise and sound.
problems, etc., or those with hereditary allergies should not
handle or approach uncured substances.
The fibrous nature of the surface and sharp edges can cause
skin allergy.
The spare part, vapor or spray mist of uncured assemblies
can cause direct irritation and allergic reactions and can be
During the operation, the operating procedure instructions
toxic and harmful.
shall be followed and you must wear gloves to avoid
excessive skin contact with the fibers.
Do not breathe vapor or spray mist. These materials must be
1.6.1.11 Fire
used in a well-ventilated area with breathing protections. Do
not remove the mask immediately after spraying, which
A large number of materials related to vehicle repair are
means you should wait for the vapor and spray mist to
extremely flammable. Some materials can produce toxic and
completely dissipate before you remove the mask.
harmful gases after ignition.
The burning of uncured assemblies and cured foam will
produce toxic and harmful gases. During foam operations, it is
prohibited to smoke and use open flames and electrical
equipment unless the vapor and the spray mist are completely
removed. Thermal cutting of foam materials or other special
foam materials should be performed in a well-ventilated
environment.
1.6.1.14 General Tools and Equipment Used in Workshop
in Workshop
It is importance to always keep all tools and equipment in
good working condition and operate them correctly in use.
Only use tools for the intended use. The load on cranes,
jacks, axle, chassis bracket, or slings and other equipment
should not exceed the maximum limit load they can withstand.
Damages caused by overloading may not emerge
immediately and but they can cause serious accidents when
they are used for the next time.
Do not use tools or equipment that have been damaged or in
poor working condition, especially some high speed
equipment such as grinding wheels. Damaged grinding wheel
can shatter without warning and cause serious injury.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when
grinding wheels, chisels or blasting equipment.
Wear an appropriatepersonal protective equipment (PPE)
when using sandblasting equipment, handling asbestos-
containing materials, or using spraying equipment.
A ventilation equipment that is capable to control the content
of dust, spray and soot in the environment should be
provided.
1.6.1.15 Noises
Extremely high level noises may be heard when performing
certain operations, which may result in hearing damage. In
this case, you should wear appropriate hearing protection
device.